Stages of sigmoid colon cancer

Before treatment, sigmoid cancer is simply divided into stage I, stage II, stage III and stage IV. This staging is also based on the current international TNM staging system, including the precise depth of the tumor before surgery, lymph node metastasis, and whether there is distant metastasis. Of course, the patient is undergoing surgery or distant metastasis is detected before surgery. It is indeed possible to perform detailed TNM staging according to this situation. Generally, the vast majority of stage I patients and the vast majority of stage II patients do not need follow-up adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. Some stage III patients and the vast majority of stage IV patients need perioperative treatment before and after surgery, including preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and some postoperative treatments. These treatments together improve the overall survival of patients.