Early symptoms of sigmoid colon cancer

Sigmoid colon cancer usually has no obvious symptoms in the early stage. When the tumor affects defecation or the cancer breaks and bleeds, it will show frequent defecation, change of defecation habits, feeling of anal drop before defecation, urgency and weight, bloody stool, mucus purulent bloody stool, etc. When the tumor progresses and causes intestinal stenosis, the stool will gradually become thinner. When it causes partial obstruction of the intestinal wall, it will show incomplete intestinal obstruction such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and excessive bowel sounds. Late stage may show weight loss and emaciation, and may also show symptoms of metastasis. If metastasis occurs to liver, lungs, bones, etc., it may lead to liver function impairment, jaundice, difficulty breathing, dizziness, headache, or pain at the site of bone metastasis. If the adenoma is cancerous or early stage cancer in the mucosa, colonoscopy may be performed with high frequency electrocoagulation, EMR, or ESD. If the cancer does not involve the basal part, the treatment can be considered complete. If the cancer involves the root, additional surgery is required to completely remove the part with cancer tissue. Patients with non-early cancer are mainly treated by surgery, and comprehensive treatment combined with preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy is advocated to improve the surgical resection rate, reduce the recurrence rate after surgery, and improve the survival rate.