What are the commonly used drugs to treat hypertension

The mechanism of action, suitable population and adverse reactions of the five commonly used drugs for treating hypertension are as follows: Diuretics: reduce blood volume by promoting urination, suitable for elderly, simple systolic hypertension, obesity and edema patients, adverse reactions include hypokalemia, etc. Beta blockers: Reduce heart rate and myocardial contractility, suitable for young and middle-aged patients with hypertension or patients with other diseases, adverse reactions include bronchospasm, bradycardia, etc. Calcium channel blockers: inhibit calcium ions from entering vascular smooth muscle cells, suitable for various types of hypertension patients, adverse reactions include headache, facial flushing, lower limb edema, etc. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: Inhibit the production of angiotensin II, suitable for hypertensive patients with heart failure, myocardial infarction, abnormal glucose tolerance or proteinuria, adverse reactions include cough, increased blood potassium, increased blood creatinine, etc. Angiotensin II receptor antagonist: block angiotensin II receptor, suitable for patients who cannot tolerate angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, with fewer adverse reactions. The commonly used drugs for treating hypertension mainly include diuretics, beta receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. The following are detailed descriptions of these drugs: 1. Diuretics: Mechanism of action: By promoting the kidney to expel excess water and sodium ions from the body, reduce blood volume, thereby lowering blood pressure. It is suitable for elderly patients with hypertension, simple systolic hypertension, obesity and edema. Adverse reactions: long-term use may affect blood glucose, lipid metabolism, resulting in hypokalemia, etc. 2. Beta blockers: Mechanism of action: slow heart rate, reduce myocardial contractility, reduce cardiac output, and thus reduce blood pressure. Suitable for young and middle-aged patients with high heart rate, or patients with exertional angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Adverse reactions: may cause bronchospasm, bradycardia, etc. 3. Calcium channel blockers: mechanism of action: inhibit calcium ions from entering vascular smooth muscle cells, dilate blood vessels and reduce blood pressure. Suitable population: It is suitable for all types of hypertension patients, especially elderly hypertension, simple systolic hypertension, patients with stable angina pectoris. Adverse reactions: may cause headache, facial flushing, lower limb edema, etc. 4. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: mechanism of action: inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme, reduce the production of angiotensin II, dilate blood vessels, lower blood pressure. Suitable crowd: suitable for hypertension patients with heart failure, myocardial infarction, abnormal glucose tolerance or proteinuria. Adverse reactions: may cause cough, blood potassium increase, blood creatinine increase, etc. 5. Angiotensin II receptor antagonist: mechanism of action: selectively block angiotensin II receptor, dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Suitable crowd: For patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors. Adverse reactions: Less adverse reactions, better tolerance. It should be noted that the treatment of hypertension patients should be based on individual conditions to choose appropriate drugs, usually need to use two or more drugs in combination to achieve better antihypertensive effect. At the same time, patients also need to pay attention to diet, exercise, smoking and alcohol restriction lifestyle adjustment, in order to improve the antihypertensive effect, reduce the occurrence of complications. In the use of antihypertensive drugs, should follow the doctor's advice, take medicine on time, do not increase or decrease the dose or change the drug. If there are adverse reactions or blood pressure control is not ideal, should seek medical advice in time, adjust the treatment plan. In addition, pregnant women, lactating women, children, the elderly and other special groups in the use of antihypertensive drugs need special attention, should be used under the guidance of a doctor.