What are the common medications for hypertensive crisis?

The commonly used drugs for the treatment of hypertensive crisis include sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, nicardipine, urapidil, phentolamine, etc. The vital signs should be closely monitored when using, and the dosage and infusion speed should be adjusted according to the patient's condition. Special attention should be paid to special groups. The commonly used drugs for the treatment of hypertensive crisis mainly include the following categories: 1. Sodium nitroprusside: Direct expansion of arteries and veins, lower blood pressure, rapid onset of action, short duration of action. Suitable for hypertensive crisis, acute heart failure, etc. Sodium nitroprusside contains cyanide, long-term use of large quantities may lead to cyanide poisoning, need to strictly control the dose and use time. Renal insufficiency, hypothyroidism with caution. It mainly dilates veins, reduces blood flow, reduces ventricular volume, reduces myocardial oxygen consumption, and thus reduces blood pressure. It is suitable for hypertension emergencies, acute myocardial infarction, etc. It may cause adverse reactions such as headache and hypotension. It is contraindicated in the early stage of myocardial infarction. Nicardipine: dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, reduce blood pressure by dilating vascular smooth muscle, take effect quickly, action time is longer. Suitable for hypertensive crisis, hypertension before and after surgery, etc. May cause headache, facial flushing, hypotension and other adverse reactions. Liver function is not complete with caution. 4. Urapidil: alpha receptor blocker, lower blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance. Suitable for hypertensive crisis, perioperative hypertension, etc. May cause headache, nausea, dizziness and other adverse reactions. Aortic isthmus stenosis, arteriovenous shunt contraindicated. 5. Phentolamine: non-selective alpha receptor blocker, lower blood pressure by relaxing vascular smooth muscle. For hypertensive crisis, pheochromocytoma before and after surgery. May cause hypotension, tachycardia and other adverse reactions. Coronary heart disease, gastritis, gastric ulcer patients with caution. In the use of these drugs, it is necessary to closely monitor blood pressure, heart rate and other vital signs, according to the specific conditions of patients to adjust the drug dose and infusion speed, to ensure the therapeutic effect and safety. At the same time, for patients with hypertensive crisis, we should also actively look for the cause and treat the cause, such as controlling pain, relieving anxiety, correcting hypovolemia, etc. In addition, special groups such as pregnant women, nursing women, children, the elderly, etc. need special attention when using these drugs, and the dosage should be adjusted according to individual conditions or other appropriate treatment methods should be selected. In summary, treatment of hypertensive crisis requires the selection of appropriate drugs according to the specific conditions of the patient and close monitoring of vital signs to ensure the effectiveness and safety of treatment. At the same time, it is necessary to actively seek the cause and treat the cause.