Symptoms and Causes of Angina

Stable angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome of acute and temporary myocardial ischemia and hypoxia caused by the increase of myocardial load on the basis of fixed severe stenosis of coronary artery. It is characterized by paroxysmal crushing pain or suffocating feeling in the chest, which may be accompanied by other symptoms. The pain is mainly located in the posterior part of the sternum and may radiate to the precordial area and left upper limb. Labor or emotional excitement often occurs. Each attack lasts for 3~5 minutes and occurs once every several days or weeks. Stable angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute, temporary ischemia and hypoxia of the myocardium due to increased myocardial load on the basis of fixed severe coronary artery stenosis.

It is characterized by paroxysmal crushing pain or tightness in the chest, accompanied by other symptoms. The pain is mainly located in the posterior part of the sternum and can radiate to the precordial area and left upper limb. Labor or emotional agitation often occurs. Each attack lasts for 3~5 minutes. It occurs once in several days or weeks. It can also occur many times a day. The symptoms can be relieved after nitroglycerin is taken under the tongue or rest. Angina pectoris can be divided into the following types according to its symptoms and causes: 1. exertional angina pectoris: chest pain during physical activity or emotional agitation, which can be relieved by rest or sublingual nitroglycerin. exertional angina pectoris can be divided into three types: initial type: angina pectoris that has not occurred in the past, but now occurs exertional angina pectoris. Angina increases gradually on the basis of stable exertional angina. Stable angina: exertional angina does not change within 3 months. 2. Spontaneous angina: Angina that occurs at rest or at rest and has no significant relationship with increased myocardial oxygen demand. Spontaneous angina can be divided into 2 types: supine angina: Angina occurs at rest or deep sleep, often in the middle of the night, occasionally during a nap. Variant: Angina occurs at rest or during general activity, unrelated to fatigue and emotional agitation, often caused by coronary artery spasms. 3. Mixed angina: A mixture of exertional and spontaneous angina. The main cause of angina pectoris is coronary atherosclerosis, leading to coronary artery stenosis or obstruction, myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. Other causes include: 1. Coronary artery embolism: emboli can come from the aorta, coronary atherosclerotic plaque ulcer or dissection, mitral valve prolapse vegetation, etc.2. Coronary arteritis: For example, syphilitic aortitis, coronary artery embolism, Kawasaki disease involving coronary arteries, etc. 3. Others: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocardial bridge, X syndrome, etc. can also lead to angina pectoris. Treatment methods for angina pectoris include: 1. General treatment: rest, smoking cessation, low-fat diet, etc. 2. Drug treatment: nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, etc. 3. Interventional therapy: percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), etc. 4. Surgical treatment: such as ventricular aneurysm resection, heart transplantation, etc. For patients with stable angina pectoris, they should actively treat primary diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc., and pay attention to lifestyle changes, such as smoking cessation, alcohol restriction, moderate exercise, weight control, etc. In addition, patients should also carry first aid drugs such as nitroglycerin with them in case of emergency. In short, stable angina pectoris is a common cardiovascular disease, patients should seek medical attention in time, receive standardized treatment to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.