Main causes of hemolysis in neonates

Neonatal hemolysis is a disease of fetal and neonatal red blood cell destruction caused by maternal and infant blood group incompatibility, mainly including Rh blood group incompatibility and ABO blood group incompatibility. It can be manifested as jaundice, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, bilirubin encephalopathy and other symptoms. It can be diagnosed by antibody detection and fetal monitoring before birth, and can be diagnosed by bilirubin detection, blood group identification and antibody detection after birth. Treatment methods include light therapy, drug therapy, exchange transfusion therapy, etc. Neonatal hemolysis refers to hemolysis caused by maternal and fetal blood group incompatibility, maternal antibodies enter fetal blood circulation through placenta, causing damage to fetal and neonatal red blood cells. The following are some important information about neonatal hemolysis: 1. Main causes: maternal and fetal blood group incompatibility: The most common is Rh blood group incompatibility and ABO blood group incompatibility. Rh blood group incompatibility occurs in the mother Rh negative, fetal Rh positive; ABO blood group incompatibility occurs in the mother O type, fetal A or B type. Other reasons: such as abnormal antibody titer of the mother, fetal red cell membrane abnormalities, intrauterine infection, etc. may also lead to neonatal hemolysis. 2. Symptoms: jaundice: Most babies with hemolysis of the newborn will develop jaundice, usually 2 - 3 days after birth, gradually worsening, jaundice lasts longer. Anemia: Severe hemolysis may lead to fetal anemia, manifested by pale skin, rapid heart rate, etc. If the bilirubin level is too high, it may damage the brain nerve, lead to bilirubin encephalopathy, seriously affect the baby's intelligence and development.3. Diagnosis: prenatal diagnosis: For high-risk pregnant women, such as Rh blood group incompatibility or pregnant women with a history of adverse pregnancy, antibody testing and fetal monitoring can be carried out prenatal to detect problems in time. Postnatal diagnosis: After the baby is born, the doctor will closely observe the jaundice situation, conduct bilirubin testing, and if necessary, conduct blood type identification and antibody testing. 4. Treatment: Light treatment: Reduce bilirubin levels by blue light irradiation to reduce jaundice symptoms. Drug treatment: Depending on the specific situation of the baby, some drugs may be used to promote bilirubin excretion or correct anemia. Blood exchange treatment: For severe hemolytic cases, blood transfusion may be required to remove excess bilirubin and antibodies from the body. 5. Prevention: Prenatal examination: For high-risk pregnant women, prenatal examination should be carried out regularly to detect and deal with problems in time. Immunoglobin injection: For pregnant women with Rh blood group incompatibility, immunoglobulin can be injected before birth to reduce antibody production. Postnatal observation: After the baby is born, it is necessary to closely observe jaundice and treat it in time. In short, neonatal hemolysis is a serious disease, but most babies can recover through timely diagnosis and treatment. If your baby has abnormal symptoms such as jaundice, you should seek medical attention in time for early diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, high-risk pregnant women should actively cooperate with doctors for prenatal examination and treatment to prevent the occurrence of neonatal hemolysis.