Primary and secondary hypertension

Essential hypertension accounts for more than 90% of patients with hypertension. The etiology is not yet clear. Attention should be paid to high risk factors such as family history, obesity, high salt diet, alcohol consumption, mental stress, sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, etc. Suspected secondary hypertension should be examined, treatment should be directed at the etiology, and essential hypertension should be treated with antihypertensive drugs. Hypertension can be divided into essential hypertension and secondary hypertension. Essential hypertension is an independent disease with elevated blood pressure as its main clinical manifestation and unclear etiology, accounting for more than 90% of all hypertensive patients. Secondary hypertension in this group of patients with clear etiology, hypertension is only one of the clinical manifestations of the disease, blood pressure can be temporary or persistent increase. The following are some points to note: high-risk groups: Families with essential hypertension, obesity, long-term high-salt diet, long-term drinkers, long-term mental stress, sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome patients, etc., are all high-risk groups of essential hypertension. If secondary hypertension is suspected, it is necessary to carry out some related tests, such as blood and urine routine, blood biochemistry, blood glucose, blood lipids, thyroid function, echocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, etc. Treatment: Treatment of secondary hypertension should first be based on the cause of treatment. For example, high blood pressure caused by pheochromocytoma requires surgery to remove the tumor; Hypertension caused by primary aldosteronism requires treatment with drugs such as spironolactone. Blood pressure may return to normal or improve after removal of the cause. If the cause cannot be removed, antihypertensive drugs are required. In summary, treatment and prognosis vary between primary and secondary hypertension. Therefore, if blood pressure is found to be elevated, you should seek medical attention in time for detailed examination and diagnosis in order to take the correct treatment.