What are the causes of angina?

Angina pectoris is mainly divided into three types: fatigue angina pectoris, spontaneous angina pectoris and mixed angina pectoris. The main cause of angina pectoris is coronary atherosclerosis. Other causes include coronary artery spasm, aortic valve stenosis or insufficiency, etc. Treatment methods include lifestyle change, drug therapy, interventional therapy and surgical treatment. Angina pectoris can be divided into the following types according to its etiology: 1. Exhaustive angina pectoris: exertional angina pectoris: angina pectoris induced by physical labor or emotional excitement, which can be quickly relieved by rest or sublingual nitroglycerin. Spontaneous angina pectoris: angina pectoris occurring in a quiet state and not significantly related to increased myocardial oxygen consumption. 2. Spontaneous angina pectoris: variant angina pectoris: often occurs at rest or sleep, ECG may appear ST segment elevation, caused by coronary artery spasm. Pre-infarction angina pectoris: before myocardial infarction occurs, angina symptoms may gradually worsen, duration is prolonged, attack frequency increases. 3. Mixed angina pectoris: exertional and spontaneous angina pectoris exist simultaneously. There are also special types of angina, such as supine angina, post-infarction angina, mixed exertional angina, and spontaneous angina. The main cause of angina is coronary atherosclerosis, which leads to narrowing or occlusion of coronary arteries and myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. Other causes include: 1. Coronary artery spasm: Coronary artery contraction caused by various reasons, resulting in myocardial insufficiency. 2. Aortic valve stenosis or insufficiency: increase cardiac afterload, resulting in increased myocardial oxygen consumption. 3. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: ventricular wall hypertrophy, myocardial compliance decreased, resulting in myocardial ischemia. 4. Anemia, hyperthyroidism and other diseases: increase cardiac oxygen consumption. 5. Risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, etc. Treatment of angina pectoris mainly includes: 1. Lifestyle change: smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, low salt and low fat diet, moderate exercise, weight control. 2. Drug treatment: including nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet drugs, lipid regulating drugs, etc. 3. Interventional therapy: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). 4. Surgical treatment: For severe coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass grafting may be required. For patients with angina pectoris, follow the doctor's advice for treatment and review regularly. If chest pain worsens and attacks frequently, seek medical attention promptly. In addition, for high-risk groups, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia patients, should actively control risk factors to prevent the occurrence of angina pectoris. In short, angina pectoris is a common cardiovascular disease, the cause is complex. Patients should seek medical attention in time, take comprehensive treatment measures to alleviate symptoms, prevent myocardial infarction and other serious consequences.