How is systemic lupus diagnosed?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects young women. SLE is characterized by multiple organ dysfunction and multiple autoantibodies in the serum. How to diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus depends on whether there are typical clinical manifestations, such as symmetrical butterfly erythema, repeated oral ulcers, photosensitivity, Raynaud phenomenon, joint swelling and pain, and organ function damage, such as hemolytic anemia, proteinuria, hematuria, polyserous effusion, nervous system damage, etc. The most critical laboratory test for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus is to detect whether there are specific autoantibodies in the serum, the most important of which include anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, nucleosome antibodies, Smith antibodies, etc., in addition to detecting whether the patient has elevated immunoglobulin and decreased complement.