Testicles are hard and painful. What's going on?

Testis become hard and painful, usually related to orchitis, testicular torsion and testicular tumors.

1. Orchitis

is an inflammatory reaction of testicular tissue, usually caused by infection. Under inflammatory stimulation, it can lead to edema and congestion of testicular tissue, resulting in hardness and pain.

2. Testicular torsion

When testicular torsion occurs, due to interruption of testicular blood supply, it can lead to testicular ischemia, resulting in testicular redness, hardness and severe pain.

3. Testicular tumors

If there is a tumor in the testis, with the growth and proliferation of tumor cells, it can cause structural changes in the testis, increase in volume, and can also cause compression and invasion, resulting in hardening and pain symptoms.